Análise dos Índices Espectrais da Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca Durante a Mudança Postural de Idosos Hipertensos / Analysis of Spectral Indexes of Variability of Cardiac Frequency during the Postural Change of Hypertensive Elderly

O estudo da Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca (VFC) tem permitido, de forma não invasiva, avaliar o Sistema Nervoso autônomo e o risco cardíaco, sendo um importante indicador prognóstico de doenças cardíacas e sistêmicas. O objetivo foi avaliar e comparar a VFC no domínio da frequência e do tempo de idosos com hipertensão arterial e de idosos saudáveis frente à mudança postural de repouso para sentado. Foram estudados 18 indivíduos hipertensos e 18 indivíduos saudáveis na faixa etária de 60 a 85 anos. A frequência cardíaca e os intervalos R-R foram coletados pelo instrumento Polar S810i durante 1200 s nas posturas supina e sentada. A VFC foi analisada no domínio do tempo - DT pelas variáveis: Índice raiz quadrada da média dos quadrados das diferenças entre intervalos R-R (iR-R) sucessivos (RMSSD), desvio padrão da média dos iR-R normais em ms - SDNN e PNN50%, que traduz a diferença de duração superior a 50 milissegundos, e no domínio da frequência, pelas bandas de alta (AF) e baixa frequência (BF), e da razão BF/AF. Ocorreu alteração na VFC dos idosos tanto no grupo controle e hipertenso, no entanto não houve mudanças significativas na VFC entre os grupos estudados. Ao analisar a VFC no domínio do tempo, o estudo mostrou que a amostragem estudada apresenta alto risco cardíaco ao analisar o parâmetro SDNN. Conclui-se que a mudança postural alterou a VFC desses idosos, tanto no grupo controle e hipertenso, no entanto não houve mudanças significativas na VFC entre as fases dos grupos estudados e obteve-se como resultado alto risco cardíaco ao avaliar o parâmetro SDNN em ambos os grupos. (AU).

The study of heart rate variability (HRV) allows noninvasive way to evaluate the autonomic nervous system and cardiac risk, and an important prognostic indicator of heart and systemic diseases disease. The objective was to evaluate and compare the HRV in the frequency and duration of elderly patients with hypertension and healthy elderly versus postural change in the condition of rest. The study comprised 18 hypertensive individuals and 18 healthy subjects aged 60 to 85 years, both sexes. Heart rate and RR intervals were collected by the instrument Polar S810i during 1200 s in supine and sitting postures. HRV was analyzed in time domain indices SDNN, RMSSD and PNN50% and the frequency domain, by bands of high (AF) and low frequency (LF), and the ratio LF / HF. Intergroup intra-analyes were used as well as the tests of normality D'Augustine as a criterion for parametric groups. There was change in heart rate variability of both the elderly and hypertensive patients in the control group, however there were no significant changes in studied HRV intergroups . In the area of the time it was found that the sampling shows high-risk cardiac parsing the parameter SDNN. The results showed that the change posture changed the variability of heart rate in the control group and hypertension, however there were no significant changes in HRV among the phases of the groups and a high risk was obtained as a result of the parameter SDNN for both heart the groups. (AU).

Phylogenetic analysis of Dengue virus 1 isolated from South Minas Gerais, Brazil

Abstract Dengue is a major worldwide public health problem, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Primary infection with a single Dengue virus serotype causes a mild, self-limiting febrile illness called dengue fever. However, a subset of patients who experience secondary infection with a different serotype can progress to a more severe form of the disease, called dengue hemorrhagic fever. The four Dengue virus serotypes (1–4) are antigenically and genetically distinct and each serotype is composed of multiple genotypes. In this study we isolated one Dengue virus 1 serotype, named BR/Alfenas/2012, from a patient with dengue hemorrhagic fever in Alfenas, South Minas Gerais, Brazil and molecular identification was performed based on the analysis of NS5 gene. Swiss mice were infected with this isolate to verify its potential to induce histopathological alterations characteristic of dengue. Liver histopathological analysis of infected animals showed the presence of inflammatory infiltrates, hepatic steatosis, as well as edema, hemorrhage and necrosis focal points. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses based on the envelope gene provided evidence that the isolate BR/Alfenas/2012 belongs to genotype V, lineage I and it is probably derived from isolates of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The isolate BR/Alfenas/2012 showed two unique amino acids substitutions (SER222THRE and PHE306SER) when compared to other Brazilian isolates from the same genotype/lineage. Molecular models were generated for the envelope protein indicating that the amino acid alteration PHE 306 SER could contribute to a different folding in this region located within the domain III. Further genetic and animal model studies using BR/Alfenas/2012 and other isolates belonging to the same lineage/genotype could help determine the relation of these genetic alterations and dengue hemorrhagic fever in a susceptible population.

Confiabilidade inter e intraexaminadores nas mensurações angulares por fotogrametria digital e goniometria / Reliability inter and intra-tester in angular measures by photogrammetry versus goniometry

INTRODUÇÃO: A utilização da fotogrametria computadorizada em prol da goniometria, ou vice-versa, na prática clínica ainda necessita de fundamentações consistentes. OBJETIVOS: Os objetivos deste estudo foram: verificar a confiabilidade inter e intraexaminadores avaliadores na quantificação das medidas angulares obtidas a partir da fotogrametria computadorizada e a goniometria e determinar a confiabilidade paralela entre esses dois diferentes instrumentos de avaliação. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: 26 voluntários e 4 examinadores foram utilizados no estudo. A coleta foi realizada em 4 etapas sequenciais: demarcação dos pontos anatômicos de referência, mensuração e registro dos valores goniométricos, captação da imagem do voluntário com os marcadores fixados no corpo e avaliação do registro fotográfico no programa ImageJ. RESULTADOS: O goniômetro é um instrumento confiável na maioria das evidências, porém, a confiabilidade das medições depende principalmente da uniformização dos procedimentos. Considerações metodológicas relativas ao estabelecimento de confiabilidade e padronização da colocação dos marcadores se fazem necessárias, de modo a oferecer opções de avaliação ainda mais confiáveis para a prática clínica. CONCLUSÃO: Ambos os instrumentos são confiáveis e aceitáveis, porém, mais evidências ainda são necessárias para suportar a utilização desses instrumentos, pois poucos pesquisadores têm utilizado o mesmo desenho de estudo, e a comparação dos resultados entre eles muitas vezes são difíceis.

INTRODUCTION: The use of photogrammetry in support of goniometry or vice versa in clinical practice still requires consistent reasoning. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to verify the inter and intra-tester reliability evaluators in the quantification of angular measurements obtained from the photogrammetry and goniometry and determine the reliability parallel between these two different assessment tools. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 26 volunteers and 4 examiners were used in the study. Data collection was performed in 04 sequential steps: demarcation of anatomical reference points, measurement and recording of goniometric values, image capture volunteer with the markers attached on the body and evaluation of photographic registration in the program ImageJ. RESULTS: The goniometer is a reliable instrument in most of the evidence, but the reliability of the measurements depends mainly on the standardization of procedures. Methodological considerations regarding the establishment of reliability and standardization of the placement of markers are needed in order to offer options for further evaluation reliable for clinical practice. CONCLUSION: Both instruments are reliable and acceptable, but still needed more evidence to support their use of these instruments, because few researchers have used the same study design, and comparison of results between them, are often difficult.

Análise da variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca após mobilização miofascial da região craniana / Analysis of hearth variability after myofascial mobilization on cranial region

Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva que tem como objetivo analisar o efeito de técnicas miofasciais, aplicadas na região craniana, no comportamento da variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca. Participaram do estudo 66 indivíduos (33 homens e 33 mulheres) voluntários e saudáveis, com idade variando de 20 a 30 anos. Utilizou-se o Nerve-Express, sistema completamente automático e não invasivo, que permite a avaliação da variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca. A avaliação foi realizada antes e após a aplicação das técnicas miofasciais na região craniana, executadas de acordo com os princípios da terapia craniossacral. As técnicas utilizadas foram: indução suboccipital; levantamente fronta; levantamento parietal; compressão-descompressão do esfenóide; sincronização e descompressão dos temporais. Os dados obtidos foram transportados para o banco de dados no programa Microsoft Excel 2007 e analisada pelo SPSS (versão 13.0). Foram considerados como estatisticamente significantes diferenças com p-valor <0.05. Após aplicação da técnica de mobilização miofascial, a freqüência cardíaca apresentou uma diminuição em ambos os grupos estudados. Pode-se observar neste estudo que a mobilização miofascial aplicada na região craniana provoca uma diminuição da freqüência cardíaca, ou seja, um aumento dos intervalos R-R.

Quantitative, descriptive research was conducted to analyze the effect of myofascial techniques, applied in the cranial region, on behavior of the heart rate variability. This study involves 66 healthy volunteers (33 men and 33 women) with age between 20 to 30 years. Nerve-Express was used to assessment heart rate variability; it is a fully automatic, non-invasive computer-based system. The evaluation was accomplished before and after the myofascial techniques application on the cranial region, they were executed in agreement with the beginnings of the craniosacral therapy. They ara them: suboccipital stimulation, frontal lift, parietal lift, sphenobasilar compression-decompression, temporal wobble and ear pull. The data were transported for a database in the Microsoft Excel 2007 program and analyzed by SPSS (version 13.0). The results were considered statistically significant when P<0.05. After application of the myofascial techniques, the heart rate presented a decrease in both studied groups. In this study can be observed that the myofascial mobilization applied in the skull region provokes a decrease of the heart rate, in other words, an increase of the intervals R-R.

Molecular models of protein targets from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Structural characterization of enzymes that belong to microbial metabolic pathways is very important for structure-based drug design since some of these proteins may be present in the bacterial genome, but absent in humans. Thus, metabolic pathways became potential targets for drug design. The motivation of this work is the fact that Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the cause of the deaths of millions of people in the world, so that the structural characterization of protein targets to propose new drugs has become essential. DBMODELING is a relational database, created to highlight the importance of methods of molecular modeling applied to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome with the aim of proposing protein-ligand docking analysis. There are currently more than 300 models for proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome in the database. The database contains a detailed description of the reaction catalyzed by each enzyme and their atomic coordinates. Information about structures, a tool for animated gif image, a table with a specification of the metabolic pathway, modeled protein, inputs used in modeling, and analysis methods used in this project are available in the database for download. The search tool can be used for researchers to find specific pathways or enzymes.